<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: France<nl>Government</hdr><body>
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<item><hi format=bold>Names:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>conventional long form:</hi> French Republic
<item>• <hi format=ital>conventional short form:</hi> France
<item>• <hi format=ital>local long form:</hi> Republique Francaise
<item>• <hi format=ital>local short form:</hi> France
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<item><hi format=bold>Digraph:</hi> FR
<item><hi format=bold>Type:</hi> republic
<item><hi format=bold>Capital:</hi> Paris
<item><hi format=bold>Administrative divisions:</hi> 22 regions (regions, singular—region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse, Franche-Comte, Haute-Normandie, Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Rhone-Alpes
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<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> the 22 regions are subdivided into 96 departments; see separate entries for the overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion) and the territorial collectivities (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
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<item><hi format=bold>Dependent areas:</hi> Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna
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<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica
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<item><hi format=bold>Independence:</hi> 486 (unified by Clovis)
<item><hi format=bold>National holiday:</hi> National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)
<item><hi format=bold>Constitution:</hi> 28 September 1958, amended concerning election of president in 1962, amended to comply with provisions of EC Maastricht Treaty in 1992; amended to tighten immigration laws 1993
<item><hi format=bold>Legal system:</hi> civil law system with indigenous concepts; review of administrative but not legislative acts
<item><hi format=bold>Suffrage:</hi> 18 years of age; universal
<item><hi format=bold>Executive branch:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>chief of state:</hi> President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981); election last held 8 May 1988 (next to be held by May 1995); results—Second Ballot Francois MITTERRAND 54%, Jacques CHIRAC 46%
<item>• <hi format=ital>head of government:</hi> Prime Minister Edouard BALLADUR (since 29 March 1993)
<item>• <hi format=ital>cabinet:</hi> Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on the suggestion of the prime minister
<item><hi format=bold>Senate (Senat):</hi> elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held September 1995 —nine-year term, elected by thirds every three years); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(321 total; 296 metropolitan France, 13 for overseas departments and territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad) RPR 91, UDF 142 (UREI 51, UC 68, RDE 23), PS 66, PCF 16, independents 2, other 4
<item><hi format=bold>National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale):</hi> elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(577 total) RPR 247, UDF 213, PS 67, PCF 24, independents 26
<item><hi format=bold>Political parties and leaders:</hi> Rally for the Republic (RPR), Jacques CHIRAC; Union for French Democracy (UDF, federation of UREI, UC, RDE), Valery Giscard d'ESTAING; Republican Party (PR), Gerard LONGUET; Center for Social Democrats (CDS), Pierre MEHAIGNERIE; Radical (RAD), Yves GALLAND; Socialist Party (PS), Henri EMMAMUELLI, interim party leader; Left Radical Movement (MRG), Jean-Francois HORY; Communist Party (PCF), Robert HUE; National Front (FN), Jean-Marie LE PEN; Union of Republican and Independents (UREI); Centrist Union (UC); Democratic Assembly (RDE); The Greens, Antoine WAECHTER, Jean-Louis VIDAL, Guy CAMBOT; Generation Ecology (GE), Brice LALONDE
<item><hi format=bold>Other political or pressure groups:</hi> Communist-controlled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail—CGT) nearly 2.4 million members (claimed); Socialist-leaning labor union (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail or CFDT) about 800,000 members (est.); independent labor union (Force Ouvriere) 1 million members (est.); independent white-collar union (Confederation Generale des Cadres) 340,000 members (claimed); National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais—CNPF or Patronat)
<item>• <hi format=ital>consulate(s) general:</hi> Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
<item><hi format=bold>Flag:</hi> three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the French Tricouleur (Tricolor); the design and colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, and Luxembourg; the official flag for all French dependent areas